If you renamed a part of the relevant path then the best thing is to rename it together with the other changes. (Since you just renamed a folder, Tropy could also do this for you via consolidation if you manually consolidate one photo in the folder first, but updating the paths in the database is going to be much quicker).
The following command should rename the folder in question for you. You just need to be careful with the “-” in the folder name, making sure that it’s the correct symbol (minus sign, dash, etc.).
sqlite3 project.tpy "update photos set path = replace(path, 'Tropy photos - Diss', 'tropyprojectdiss')"